Warwick researchers help in step to solving one of the biggest science mysteries
Where did all the matter in the universe come from? This is one of the biggest mysteries in fundamental physics and exciting results released on 15 June 2011 from a team including researchers at the University of Warwick at the international T2K neutrino experiment in Japan could be an important step towards resolving this puzzle.
The intriguing results indicate a new property of the enigmatic particles known as neutrinos.
There are three types of neutrinos (called flavours) one paired by particle interactions with the familiar electron (called the electron neutrino), and two more paired with the electrons heavier cousins, the muon and tau leptons. Previous experiments around the world have shown that these different flavours of neutrinos can spontaneously change into each other, a phenomenon called neutrino oscillation.
Two types of oscillations have already been observed but in its first full period of operation, the T2K experiment has already seen evidence for a new type of oscillation (the appearance of electron neutrinos in a muon neutrino beam). If confirmed, this means that we have now observed that neutrinos can oscillate in every way possible.
This observation is of particular interest because it opens the possibility of being able to test whether the oscillations of neutrinos and their anti-particles (called anti-neutrinos) could be different. If the oscillations of neutrinos and anti-neutrinos are different, it would be an example of what physicists call CP-violation and this could be the key to explaining why there is more matter than anti-matter in the universe (an excess which could not happen within the known laws of physics).
The experiment ran from January 2010 until 11th March this year, when it was dramatically interrupted by the Japanese earthquake. Fortunately, the multinational T2K team were unharmed and their highly sensitive detectors were largely undamaged. Six clean electron neutrino events are observed in the data taken before the earthquake, while in the absence of oscillations there should only have been 1.5 +/- 0.3. Even though such an excess could only happen by chance about one time in a hundred, that is not good enough to confirm a new physics discovery, so this is called an indication.
Dr Gary Barker from the University of Warwick said: The T2K project has given us an intriguing hint that this third neutrino oscillation channel is present in nature our job now is to collect much more data and work to further understand our detector in order to reach levels of precision that will put the conclusion beyond doubt.
Electron Dot Diagrams - News
In this projected diagram of cylinder-shaped Super-Kamiokande, each coloured dot shows a photomultiplier that detected light (these photomultipliers are mounted on the inside wall of the detector). Electron neutrinos which subsequently induce
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Electron Dot Diagrams - Bookshelf
Descriptive inorganic chemistry
Figure 3.22 Electron-dot diagram for phosphorus pentafluo- ride. The most commonly used method for constructing electron-dot diagrams is the following set ...inorganic chemestry
3-1 LEWIS ELECTRON- DOT DIAGRAMS Lewis electron-dot diagrams, although very much oversimplified, provide a good starting point for analyzing the bonding in ...Inorganic chemistry
3-1 Lewis electron-dot diagrams, although very much oversimplified, provide a good LEWIS ELECTRON- starting point for analyzing the bonding in molecules. ...CK12 Chemistry
The Lewis electron dot formula is: therefore there are 2 core electrons and 4 valence All the Elements in a Column Have the Same Electron Dot Diagram In the ...Fundamentals of chemistry
The reaction of sodium and sulfur to form Na2S can be visualized easily with electron dot diagrams: Na- Na- + :S: Na- Na- :S: Na+ Na" + m 2- Electrons from ...Day-to-day Report Directory
The Electron Dot Diagram - The Basics of Bonding
The easiest and most reliable way to come up with the electron dot diagram for a given atom is to use the electron details of the subshell filling pattern to get the ...
Chemistry Tutorial : Lewis Structures
A tutorial on Lewis Structures, electron dot diagrams, suitable for use by high school chemistry students
Lewis structure - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
... structures (also known as Lewis dot diagrams, electron dot diagrams, and electron dot structures) are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms ...
Electron Dot Diagrams and Bonding
D. Electron dot diagrams are used to show how bonds occur in elements. ... E. Electron dot diagrams are also used to show how bonds occur in compounds. ...
Lesson 3-8 Lewis Dot Diagrams
Electron dot diagrams, which are also called Lewis dot diagrams, are ... Each dot diagram consists of; an elemental symbol, which represents the kernel of the ...