Theories Of Crime

MUMBAI- POLITICAL ECONOMY OF CRIME AND SPACE.

MUMBAI POLITICAL ECONOMY OF CRIME AND SPACE is an absorbing sociological storey of ruthless strides of political economy in Mumbai named neo liberalism which reconfigured and restructured socio geographical spaces on class, regional, religious and ethnic bases during the period 1975 to 2006. Abdul Shaban narrates the storey how capital accumulation, expansion and profiteering headed by corporate capitalism and real estate succeeded in demolishing the formidable city life of industrial working class and pushed it entirely into swarms of slumps. It ghettoized Muslim community disguised under ‘Architectural civil city planning’ and gave vocal expression to desires of corporate giants. . The aim was to secure, free and fortify the living spaces of ‘upper and upper middle classes’ from dangers of criminalization and to incarcerate the Muslims and SC – ST population by designating and turning them into paupers and criminals! Shaban has placed the fall of Textile Industry, flight of industrial capital from Mumbai and the lustful profiteering expansion of the ‘real estate’ at the casual centre of the social- political and communal- catastrophe. The virtual reality pushed the potentially criminal ‘labouring population’, the ‘root causes of crimes’ into hell of overcrowded and immensely populated slums.

Through this brilliant work Abdul Shaban has succeeded in portraying graphic picture of the process of ghettoized incarcerated life of the Muslim community and provided scientific expression to the throttled voice of the working class and repressed Muslim community. Alas, Muslim community in particular is left with only choice - takes recourse to criminality and gets warehoused into prisons if it dares to make non confirming noises.

Research analysis of crime statistics and data was daunting task for Abdul Shaban as the same are compiled by various agencies such as NSSO, CSO, NCRB reporting contradictory compilations. Secondly police agencies have micro spatial units for crime data collection which are police stations while demographic data collected by census are at the level of wards and sections. Shaban uses the most updated and modern techniques and novel tools used by criminologists, like GIS, ESDA and LISA and geostatistics for determining the spatial differences in crime mapping. While doing so has intelligently and extensively employed and adopted techniques such as ‘Moran Scatter Plot’ and ‘local Garry’s C’. This enabled him to assess ‘the structure of the spatial auto correlation’ to identify clusters of crime and ‘locations of higher incidence of crime’. The massive data and statistics summarized in 54 Tables, 55 Maps & 51 Figures covering statistics across social geography of Mumbai, brings about correlations between demographic / socioeconomic data, statistics on Living conditions, crime theories, police station wise statistics, crime types statistics and communal conflagrations and riots.

The Indiana Law Blog: Law - "Genetic Basis for Crime: A New Look"

It was less than 20 years ago that the National Institutes of Health abruptly withdrew funds for a conference on genetics and crime after outraged complaints that the idea smacked of eugenics. The president of the Association of Black Psychologists at the time declared that such research was in itself “a blatant form of stereotyping and racism.”

The tainted history of using biology to explain criminal behavior has pushed criminologists to reject or ignore genetics and concentrate on social causes: miserable poverty, corrosive addictions, guns. Now that the human genome has been sequenced, and scientists are studying the genetics of areas as varied as alcoholism and party affiliation, criminologists are cautiously returning to the subject. A small cadre of experts is exploring how genes might heighten the risk of committing a crime and whether such a trait can be inherited.

The turnabout will be evident on Monday at the annual National Institute of Justice conference in Arlington, Va. On the opening day criminologists from around the country can attend a panel on creating databases for information about DNA and “new genetic markers” that forensic scientists are discovering.

“Throughout the past 30 or 40 years most criminologists couldn’t say the word ‘genetics’ without spitting,” Terrie E. Moffitt, a behavioral scientist at Duke University, said. “Today the most compelling modern theories of crime and violence weave social and biological themes together.

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